Integrand size = 20, antiderivative size = 166 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {x \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {2 x \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}{3 \left (1+x^2\right )}+\frac {1}{2} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}\right )-\frac {2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \arctan (x)\left |\frac {1}{4}\right .\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {3 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan (x),\frac {1}{4}\right )}{4 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \]
[Out]
Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 166, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.400, Rules used = {1235, 1133, 1211, 1117, 1209, 1224, 1712, 209} \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {1}{2} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}}\right )+\frac {3 \left (x^2+1\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x^4+x^2+1}{\left (x^2+1\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan (x),\frac {1}{4}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}}-\frac {2 \left (x^2+1\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x^4+x^2+1}{\left (x^2+1\right )^2}} E\left (2 \arctan (x)\left |\frac {1}{4}\right .\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1} x}{3 \left (x^2+1\right )}-\frac {\left (2 x^2+1\right ) x}{3 \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Rule 209
Rule 1117
Rule 1133
Rule 1209
Rule 1211
Rule 1224
Rule 1235
Rule 1712
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\int \frac {x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx+\int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {x \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1+2 x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1-x^2}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {x \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{4}\right )}{4 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}\right )-\frac {2}{3} \int \frac {1-x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx+\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {x \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {2 x \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}{3 \left (1+x^2\right )}+\frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}\right )-\frac {2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{4}\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {3 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{4}\right )}{4 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 10.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 204, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.23 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {-x-2 x^3+2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt {1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x^2} \sqrt {1-(-1)^{2/3} x^2} E\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left ((-1)^{5/6} x\right )|(-1)^{2/3}\right )+\sqrt [3]{-1} \left (-2+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right ) \sqrt {1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x^2} \sqrt {1-(-1)^{2/3} x^2} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left ((-1)^{5/6} x\right ),(-1)^{2/3}\right )+3 (-1)^{2/3} \sqrt {1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x^2} \sqrt {1-(-1)^{2/3} x^2} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\sqrt [3]{-1},i \text {arcsinh}\left ((-1)^{5/6} x\right ),(-1)^{2/3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.53 (sec) , antiderivative size = 328, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.98
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {x \left (2 x^{2}+1\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}-\frac {8 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )-E\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \Pi \left (\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, x , -\frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\) | \(328\) |
default | \(-\frac {2 \left (\frac {1}{3} x^{3}+\frac {1}{6} x \right )}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}-\frac {8 \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+\frac {8 \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, E\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \Pi \left (\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, x , -\frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\) | \(398\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {2 \left (\frac {1}{3} x^{3}+\frac {1}{6} x \right )}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}-\frac {8 \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+\frac {8 \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, E\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \Pi \left (\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, x , -\frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\) | \(398\) |
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 168, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} - \sqrt {-3} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} + 1\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1} E(\arcsin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} x \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1}\right )\,|\,\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {-3} - \frac {1}{2}) - \sqrt {2} {\left (9 \, x^{4} + 9 \, x^{2} + \sqrt {-3} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} + 9\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1} F(\arcsin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} x \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1}\right )\,|\,\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {-3} - \frac {1}{2}) + 12 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1}}\right ) - 8 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} {\left (2 \, x^{3} + x\right )}}{24 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}} \]
[In]
[Out]
\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\left (\left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \left (x^{2} + 1\right )}\, dx \]
[In]
[Out]
\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\left (x^2+1\right )\,{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \]
[In]
[Out]